### Lms Equalizer

For a picture of major diﬁerences between RLS and LMS, the main recursive equation are rewritten: RLS algorithm. dk ikke mulighed for at sende mails når der er nye indlæg i trådene. The LMS uses stochastic gradient descent for updating the equalizer weights during its operation. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is widely expected to operate near the corresponding Wiener filter solution. myKeysight. If the channel number of taps are selected for the equalizer as 2k+1=11, and the received signal plus noise power P R is normalized to unity[Saeed V. : We are based in Melbourne, Australia and have been developing loudspeaker system design software for personal computers since 1990. Baud-Spaced CMA (sampling period equals to the symbol period) is used in our equalizer, and W0 is initialized. WONDIMAGEGNEHU and TETSUYA SHIMAMURA Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570 JAPAN [moh,shima]@sie. This Paper Proposes a Kind of High-Speed Hardware Implementation Method by the Adaptive Equalizer (LMS Equalizer) Based on MSE Criteria. The Sign LMS Linear Equalizer block uses a linear equalizer and an algorithm from the family of signed LMS algorithms to equalize a linearly modulated baseband signal through a dispersive channel. It uses a Stochastic Gradient Descent Rule, so may converge slowly. Used CORDIC block for computation of N-point Running DFT and complex multiplier used for weight update section to realize the Transform Domain LMS algorithm which has the faster convergence than the time domain LMS counterpart CORDIC based Efficient Implementation of Adaptive Channel Equalizer:-. Adaptive equalizer structure options are linear or decision-feedback. Then the LMS equalizer and the AR process are jointly. The Normalized LMS Decision Feedback Equalizer block uses a decision feedback equalizer and the normalized LMS algorithm to equalize a linearly modulated baseband signal through a dispersive channel. Appendix 1b - Online Test Guidelines for Students - Approved. [0004]Performance of an LMS equalizer, (or a normalized LMS (NLMS) equalizer), is degraded in quickly varying channels if a small step size is used since the speed of convergence does not keep up with the quickly changing channel. Using the Equalizer to Meet Student Readiness Needs When examining sample tiered lessons, many teachers find the Equalizer to be an excellent tool for analyzing just exactly what the teacher did to adjust the difficulty level from task to task. If a digital signal processing chip can perform one million multiplications per second, deter- mine the time required between each iteration for the following adaptive equalizer algorithms. For RLS, I suspect the same although RLS in general converges much faster than LMS. Performance of communication link in presence of Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) equalizer algorithm is analyzed using MATLAB communication block set. Collins Signal. LMS_Equalizer 误差 matlab仿真 least mean square LMS_Equalizer lms误差 equalizer lms 下载( 6 ) 赞( 0 ) 踩( 0 ) 评论( 0 ) 收藏( 0 ). fractionally spaced equalizer can serveas the optimumreceive filter for any receiver. Accessibility for learning is the great equalizer because learning allows us to do the things we love. More information about the operation and implementation of the LMS equalizer block can be found through online. The LMS adaptation constant is defined by variable EqMu. equalizer are taken into consideration and they are the followings: 1) Design the adaptive equalizer using the Winer-Hopf Equation ﬁlter. A strategy that then can be used is to uses estimates of the aut ocorre. Loans are subject to cred. Contribute to freecores/adaptive_lms_equalizer development by creating an account on GitHub. Vintage Boss. The DD-LMS equalizer and the AR process are jointly approximated by the solution of a system of ODEs. Listed below is an example to interfacing with the gmskmod and gmskdem modulator/demodulator objects. Overview News Downloads Bugtracker. LMS和RLS兩者比較： LMS演算法的運算量少，為L的等級（L為濾波器的長度），但收斂速度受到輸入信號的統計特性所影響，需花較多時間達到要求的收斂性能; RLS演算法雖然收斂速度快，但卻需要巨大的運算量，為L平方的等級。 Decision feedback equalizer. Initial observations showed that a 2 dB improvement in MSE may result in two orders of magnitude improvement in BER. The default is 0 when the Algorithm property is set to 'LMS' or 'RLS'. For the LMS equalizer this is the learning parameter $$\mu$$ which has a default value of 0. A variable, eq_current, which points to the equalizer object to use in the current iteration of the loop. McCanny DSiP Laboratories, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland. Hope it's okay to piggyback onto this thread. Initial weights used by the adaptive algorithm, specified as a scalar or vector. star 32/64QAM schemes employing a frequency domain equalizer in that is designed for orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems. The plugin offers the possibility to install and update the Logitech Media Server (LMS) in the plugin’s menu. EECS 862 PROJECT II -EQUALIZER SIMULATION Contents. United States Patent 7630433. An adaptive transversal equalizer based on the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, operating in an environment with a temporally correlated interference, can exhibit better steady-state mean-square. Chapter 8 is devoted to the design of a passband equalizer. This family of processors provides the processing power to. Generate the corresponding QAM reference constellation. I have choosen this trellis from “Communications Toolbox User’s Guide” theres an example of 2/3 with 16 qam , in the same way wen i tried this with qpsk…it works fine. Here eqlms is an equalizer object that describes a linear LMS equalizer having six weights and a step size of 0. equalizer to track the time varying channel in order to provide reasonable performance. During the simulation, the block uses the LMS algorithm to update the weights, once per symbol. edu Phone: (814) 865-7179. Due it its simplicity and relatively low complexity, this post will focus on the LMS equalizer. coefficients of a linear equalizer in systems using pulse-amplitude posed algorithm is no greater than that of the least-mean square (LMS) algorithm. We report results from long-haul legacy systems having total lengths varying be-tween 2800 and 4000 km and ﬁnd the equalizer performance Fig. Ferrari 488 GT3. The columns of Q, which are the L eigenvectors of Rxx, are mutually orthogonal and normalized. Algorithm for adaptive mixed-signal equalizer for SI-POF home networking links. Stack Exchange network consists of 175 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. 17 compares the ensemble averaged learning curves of partial-update LMS equalizers for M = 1 and S = N / M = 10. Overview News Downloads Bugtracker. If you specify InitialWeights as a scalar, the equalizer uses scalar expansion to create a vector of length N Taps with all values set to InitialWeights. hi, i'm beginer in signal processing and MATLAB. You don't need the sys. Improvements in the channel Equalizer Performance Using Modified LMS and BP Algorithms @inproceedings{Khalaf2012ImprovementsIT, title={Improvements in the channel Equalizer Performance Using Modified LMS and BP Algorithms}, author={Ashraf A. For modulation schemes such as PSK/QAM, the effect of a channel filter leads to severe ISI and hence channel equalizers are very important. Several algorithms like Least Mean Square (LMS), Recursive Least Mean Square (RLMS), Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) etc. Symbol Tap Spacing. Performance of communication link in presence of Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) equalizer algorithm is analyzed using MATLAB communication block set. 4 List of Acronyms. Thanks a lot. coefficients of a linear equalizer in systems using pulse-amplitude posed algorithm is no greater than that of the least-mean square (LMS) algorithm. A strategy that then can be used is to uses estimates of the aut ocorre. Window of the ISI. LMS Algorithm Implementation. Its performance. Initially, this points to the RLS equalizer object. The supported algorithms, corresponding to the Update algorithm parameter, are. Popular Searches: convergence comparison of lms nlms rls algorithms, adaptive equalizer algotithm, matlab code equalizer lms nlms rls, adaptive equalizer in matlab, rls algorithm vhdl, lms nlms rls, crankshaft simulation using simulink project report,. The equalization is so impor. 5 rating in. - RLS algorithm with adaptive equalizer, d [ 2 ] - LMS algorithm for speech signal processi File list (Click to check if it's the file you need, and recomment it at the bottom):. Adaptive equalizer implementation, S/H based equalizer, obtaining the gradients 32. It can also track the time variations in the WF, if required, as in the case of Wireless channels. The Postulates and the Hebbian-LMS Algorithm The Hebbian-LMS algorithm of equations (6), (7), and (8), and diagrams in Figures 9 and 10 as applied to both excitatory and inhibitory inputs performs in complete accord with the biological postulates of synaptic plasticity. 1942-1948 Ford. Browse our inventory of new and used LMS Farm Equipment For Sale near you at TractorHouse. It has every fall off type imaginable, can process digital (can't clip) or anolog (can clip, but sounds more vintage and realistic) sound, all at 32 bit. eqlms_cccf_reset(q) clears the internal equalizer buffers and sets the internal coefficients to the default (those specified when create() was invoked). As I've written a LMS which tries to be compatible with SCORM I can say that it's not a small work to create a SCORM implementation. Tong1* and R. Last year comparison: The second season of Last Man Standing averaged a 1. equalizers phrase. 1, where T is the sampling period, W i (i=1,2,…,N) represents the tap weight coefficient in the LMS based equalizer, x i is the input sample sequence, y is. Although, the LMS algorithm is robust and reliable, it is slow in convergence. 7 out of 5 by 105. LMS Algorithm The criterion most commonly used in the optimization of the equalizer coefficients is the minimization of the mean square error (MSE) between the desired equalizer output and the actual equalizer output. Email: {sk. Use LMS Algorithm with Linear Equalizer Configure lineareq and comm. The LeakageFactor property has been removed from LMS algorithm. This site is intended to provide information about our WinXP™ program: BoxCad , and Windows7/64bit and Windows10/64bit programs: SoundEasy and Ultimate Equalizer. Standard method like Gauss elimination can be used to solve the matrix equation for. Accessibility for learning is the great equalizer because learning allows us to do the things we love. LinearEqualizer( 'Algorithm' , 'LMS' , 'NumTaps' ,9, 'ReferenceTap' ,5); evm = comm. Simple LMS equaliser in Python. Ithink it is the simplest. Adaptive equalizer. LMS filters use a gradient descent method in which the filter coefficients are updated based on the instantaneous error signal. Lamborghini Huracan GT3. A variable, eq_current, which points to the equalizer object to use in the current iteration of the loop. Updated 16 Mar 2017. During the simulation, the block uses the normalized LMS algorithm to update the weights, once per symbol. Standard method like Gauss elimination can be used to solve the matrix equation for. The longer the equalizer, the slower it converges under LMS. Home › Forums › SYSTEM › LMS equalizer LMS equalizer Gaurav Rajarya (joined April 2015) Participant hi, i am using electronic equalizer in my circuit but it is not showing any output. Inter-symbol interference (ISI) is one of the key problems that seriously limit the transmission data rate in optical communication system. equalizer to track the time varying channel in order to provide reasonable performance. Initially apply a suitable filter or denoising method to denoise it. I'm now using USB headphones so don't have access to Realtek's Audio Manager. Use Linear Equalizer instead with the adaptive algorithm set to LMS. If the equalizer becomes unstable, set the equalizer step at a small setting and hit "reset taps" to bring back a well behaved 16 QAM constellation. 1 MSE Output of the Nonlinear Volterra Equalizer 50 3. You can then use the equalizer object with the equalize function to equalize a signal. Here, we call it finite-impulse-response equalizer (FIRE). A 4-tap Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is used to create a distorted bit stream. Least Mean-Squares Equalizer. Download and run zeroforcing_noise. 1 shows a system model of receiver equalizer for behavior simulation. Performance of an LMS equalizer, (or a normalized LMS (NLMS) equalizer), is degraded in quickly varying channels if a small step size is used since the speed of convergence does not keep up with the quickly changing channel. The supported algorithms, corresponding to the Update algorithm parameter, are. The equalizer output is then multiplied by U, and the result is passed to the “choose max” decision device. It is shown that both CMA and DD-LMS-based PMD equalizers with as few as 10 T s / 2 - spaced taps per FIR filter (where T s is the symbol period) can reduce the outage probability to less than 10-5 for a mean differential group delay (DGD) equal to one symbol period. Vintage Boss. For example, in regional and metropolitan optical links (i. A receiver, over a forward channel, receives a signal from the transmitter and equalizes the received signal using an adaptive analog equalizer coupled to the forward channel and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) coupled to the analog equalizer. The LMS uses stochastic gradient descent for updating the equalizer weights during its operation. In order to increase the speed. Thrown the kitchen sink at equalizer APO and I could not get the EQ on it to work, so if you have any suggestions of good, free and preferably very simple software alternatives (not Voicemeeter either come to think of it) I'd be very appreciative. 2 is a link level simulation model for WACS which incorporates the DQPSK modulator, raised cosine transmit and receive filters, Rayleigh faded, delay-spread, multipath. Modified code for LMS. Adaptive LMS equalizer. Performance of communication link in presence of Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) equalizer algorithm is analyzed using MATLAB communication block set. Metadata Show full item record. Attachments:lms. Different kinds of Equalizer are available in the text like LMS algorithms execute quickly but converge slowly, and its complexity grows linearly with the no of weights. IJERT Figure 2 LMS Algorithm Implementation IV IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE LMS EQUALIZER. 1 System Modeling 156 6. Load Capacity) - 24 Feet is rated 4. The Enable training control input parameter of the Linear Equalizer block is equivalent to the Mode input port parameter of the LMS Linear Equalizer block. - Now let's take a look at iTunes'…built-in graphic equalizer. equalizer to track the time varying channel in order to provide reasonable performance. The least mean-squares (LMS) algorithm adapts the coefficients of the filter estimate using a steepest descent. MMSE equalizer with variants of LMS: MMSE equalizer is placed and all four algorithms are used to update the filter coefficients. View License × License. We design a specific cascade least mean square (LMS) equalizer and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time this kind of equalizer has been employed for 60-GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio over fiber (RoF) system. This site uses cookies for analytics, personalized content and ads. Its operation involves a training. We report results from long-haul legacy systems having total lengths varying be-tween 2800 and 4000 km and ﬁnd the equalizer performance Fig. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. the code has detailed description of LMS algorithm with the adaptive. Without special care the. That is, to turn the equalizer off. LMS algorithm. The channel disrupts the transmitted signal by spreading it in time. Recovered signal after decision using LMS variation Fig. When the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is used to adapt an adaptive transversal equalizer that is subject to strong narrowband interference, a so-called non-Wiener or nonlinear effect takes place. Window of the ISI. Note: If you’re not seeing the updated charts, please try reloading the page. By continuing to browse this site, you agree to this use. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. A 4-tap Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is used to create a distorted bit stream. I have written matlab implementations of MMSE (wiener) and LMS (gradient method. The improvement in the MSE or the precise reconstruction costs the execution speed. It also provides an advanced visualization including a spectrum analyzer and sonogram. XTA DP202 DIGITAL EQUALIZER WITH POWER CORD #5670 (ONE) Leave feedback about your eBay search. The idea of imposing constraints on equalizer coefficients to enhance convergence was explored before in [8]. It has many useful applications. Its operation involves a training. equalizer to track the time varying channel in order to provide reasonable performance. Saikumar 1 R. lineq = comm. This site uses cookies for analytics, personalized content and ads. If you are concerned that you have received fraudulent e-mail, disclosed confidential information or have questions about online security, please contact the MYEG Helpdesk at 03-78018888 or email us at [email protected] The Equalizer® catalog you will receive, view or download has manufacturer suggested retail prices shown. That is, to turn the equalizer off. THE RESULTS ARE WORST-CASE BASED ON A PEAK DISTORTION ANALYSIS[2]. 3131-phila-51. lecture26 - Equalization at the receiver : Basics of adaptation Equalization at the receiver; Basics of adaptation 28. The equalizer System object specifies a linear equalizer that uses the LMS algorithm. A LMS equalizer using feed-forward neural network based on back propagation algorithm & compared its performance with adaptive equalizer based on neural network. It has every fall off type imaginable, can process digital (can't clip) or anolog (can clip, but sounds more vintage and realistic) sound. Filter coefficients w n (k) and weight-vector update equaiton of the steepest descent daptive filter ^ ( ) * ( ) ` w n 1 w n PE e n x n 6 A practical limitation with this algorithm is that the expectation is generally unknown. The recent digital transmission systems impose the application of channel equalizers with short training time and high tracking rate. Architecture of LMS Equalizer from Matlab Simulink Does any body knows its internal architecture. The popularity of the MMSE equalizer is due in part to the simple LMS algorithm proposed by Widrow and Hoff [16]. Two scenarios are considered, first, an equalizer using the LMS. Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the actual signal). Download this Free Vector about Abstract equalizer background, and discover more than 7 Million Professional Graphic Resources on Freepik. Given a channel of unknown impulse response, the purpose of an adaptive equalizer is to operate on. 1 platform and Stratix II family, and the research results show that it is feasible to implement adaptive filter using FPGA. See All Lighting. This project implements equalizer in VHDL so can be used with FPGA/CPLD. For example, it is studied heavily for IEEE 802. We will assume that the channel is a flat fading Rayleigh multipath channel and the modulation is BPSK. 3131-phila-51. This project aims at developing an application that converts the given algorithm into a code with. Univariate case. dk ikke mulighed for at sende mails når der er nye indlæg i trådene. LinearEqualizer objects with comparable settings. Theory of Equalizer 3 In order to optimize the performance of the equalizer, the adaptive algorithms are introduced to update the weight taps. Note that the equalizer parameters only aﬀect the ﬁrst term in (38), which is non-negative. Use Linear Equalizer instead with the adaptive algorithm set to LMS. After the second iteration of the loop, eq_current is redefined to. Using these ODEs, we show via some examples that the LMS equalizer moves close to the instantaneous Wiener filter after initial transience. Tech Student, SVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, AP, India K. Equalizing a signal using an MLSE equalizer. Ithink it is the simplest. move to the channel estimation and therefore reflect the temporal variations of the channel, and reduce the error in the transmitted signal. ADFE allows a window of ISI to pass from feed-forward filter, while attempts to minimize the rest of ISI. This error determines how well the adaptive filter is performing. Variable Step LMS Decision Feedback Equalizer ブロックは、判定フィードバック イコライザーと可変ステップ サイズの LMS アルゴリズムを使って分散チャネルを通るベースバンドの線形変調信号をイコライズします。. C Code For Implementing Lms Algorithm Codes and Scripts Downloads Free. Solar Street Light ( Mechanical Workshop) Metal detecting Robot Car (using Arduino) controlled by Android App. devil Subhuman. Although, the LMS algorithm is robust and reliable, it is slow in convergence. Equalize the received signal using the previously 'trained' LMS equalizer. High Speed Adaptive Equalizer Using Phase Detector Output A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and the Graduate School of Yonsei University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Ki-Hyuk Lee June 2007. The proposed cascade LMS equalizer consists of two sub-equalizers which are designated for optical and wireless channel compensations, respectively. I have choosen this trellis from “Communications Toolbox User’s Guide” theres an example of 2/3 with 16 qam , in the same way wen i tried this with qpsk…it works fine. Collins Signal Corps U. Jain(Associate Professor)** Abstract. etd-12112014-103147_Roy_T_T_2014. dear all, i am trying to implement an LMS filter with training in system generator with limited success. Without special care the. Adaptive LMS equalizer. LMS Linear Equalizer will be removed in a future release. We model the channel by an Autoregressive (AR) process. 1 platform and Stratix II family, and the research results show that it is feasible to implement adaptive filter using FPGA. coefficients of a linear equalizer in systems using pulse-amplitude posed algorithm is no greater than that of the least-mean square (LMS) algorithm. It is well known that an LMS equalizer has low complexity and can be easily implemented into an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The estimate for the LMS Transient efﬁciency obtained from the simulation was 0. 137 given by (25). Solar Street Light ( Mechanical Workshop) Metal detecting Robot Car (using Arduino) controlled by Android App. tutorial by Shahid Qureshi [1], after which this article is loosely patterned. The LeakageFactor property has been removed from LMS algorithm. Initially, this points to the RLS equalizer object. Fig (6): Linear & DFE Equalizer based on LMS algorithm for fixed µ=0. 2 × 2 MIMO OFDM-RoF System Employing LMS-Based Equalizer With I/Q Imbalance Compensation at 60 GHz Authors: Huang, Hou-Tzu ; Shih, Po-Tsung ; Lin, Chun-Ting ; Cheng, Yu-Hsuan ; Liang, Wan-Ling ; Ho, Chun-Hung ; Wei, Chia-Chien ; Ng'oma, Anthony. A variable, eq_current, which points to the equalizer object to use in the current iteration of the loop. Contribute to freecores/adaptive_lms_equalizer development by creating an account on GitHub. ch †Purdue University: {first}@purdue. LMS_Equalizer. Equalizer coefficients and channel coefficients. equalizer because it perform s the equalization on the data without a reference signal. IJERT Figure 2 LMS Algorithm Implementation IV IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE LMS EQUALIZER. A 4-tap Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter is used to create a distorted bit stream. Download Adaptive LMS equalizer signal processing for free. The example applica-tion is adaptive channel equalization, which has been introduced in compu-ter exercise 2. Normalized vertical Peak-to-Peak Pattern eye opening Dependent Jitter [UI] No eq. LMS/NLMS based derivation of Equalizer is given in detail in the Rappaport Book on Wireless Communications. star 32/64QAM schemes employing a frequency domain equalizer in that is designed for orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems. Sign LMS Decision Feedback Equalizer will be removed in a future release. The basic idea behind the Bayesian approach to estimation stems from practical situations where we often have some prior information about the parameter to be estimated. Color Error Diffusion with Generalized Optimum Noise Shaping Niranjan Damera-Venkata Brian L. Conclusion We observed that RLS provides faster convergencerate than LMS equalizer. Adaptive equalizer implementation, S/H based equalizer, obtaining the gradients 32. equalizer Instant Response Statistics (LMS) Kwerious can be used from within your favorite LMS. The LMS is used in many industries including distribution, manufacturing, health care and finance. Tong1* and R. (ZFE and LMS) • In adaptation the equalizer attempts to minimize an error signal based on the difference between the output of the equalizer 9. Benefit of this adaptive scheme is the equalizer does not need to know parameters of the entire multi-path component. 285-291, (edition 3: chapter 9. View/ Open. equalizer to track the time varying channel in orde r to pro vide reasonable performanc e. Architecture of LMS Equalizer from Matlab Simulink Does any body knows its internal architecture. The equalizer acts as a linear filter to suppress ISI. This Paper Proposes a Kind of High-Speed Hardware Implementation Method by the Adaptive Equalizer (LMS Equalizer) Based on MSE Criteria. US10326533B1 US15/792,416 US201715792416A US10326533B1 US 10326533 B1 US10326533 B1 US 10326533B1 US 201715792416 A US201715792416 A US 201715792416A US 10326533 B1 US10326533 B1 US 10326533B1 Authority US United States Prior art keywords module input signal circuit module nn equalizer Prior art date 2016-10-24 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Is a ridiculously, unbelievably, unashamedly powerful parametric graphic equalizer that almost never crashes LMMS (I would save it for the master track though). Equalization techniques compensate for the time dispersion introduced by communication channels and combat the resulting inter-symbol interference (ISI) effect. Ask Question Asked 2 years, 2 An LMS equalizer is a gradient descent structure that tries to slowly zero in on a correct estimate of what the. 0 Downloads. Janyani and S. LMS adaptation 31. We assume that the equalizer taps are spaced by , the bit duration. Georgoulakis ‘A symbol by symbol blind clustering based equalizer’ [Journal] // International Journal of Signal Processing. For a picture of major diﬁerences between RLS and LMS, the main recursive equation are rewritten: RLS algorithm. • An adaptive FIR ﬁlter using the least mean-square (LMS) algorithm will be used to eliminate most of the ISI. The architecture of the Fast LMS-based equalizer is modeled in the Simulink environment as a transmission chain. Equalized channel for adaptive LMS equalizer: The cas cade of channel and equalizer should pass all frequencies with unity gain and delay the transmitted signal by a constant amount. When compared to the LS equalizer, the adaptive LMS (1) has same communication performance for a time-invariant channel, (2) has better performance for a time-varying channel (as would occur in practice), (3) requires orders of magnitude lower computational complexity and memory usage, and (4) can be implemented in fixed-point arithmetic. Venkatesh#, G. deb)“on top“ of LMS 7. The HiFiBerry steel case in white not only fits all standard RCA boards. When comparing Equalizer APO and Letasoft Sound Booster, you can also consider the following products. Download and run wiener_equalizer. Chapter 10 lists the references. Generate the corresponding QAM reference constellation. Mendes1, Francisco J. Sound Mod, Letasoft Sound Booster, eqMac 2, Dolby Home Theater, Boom 3D, PC Equalizer - GUI, Sound Booster, and SoundForce. Chapter 7 introduces hardware implementation of an LMS baseband equalizer. McCanny DSiP Laboratories, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland. Abstract: The present invention is related to an enhanced equalizer using channel estimation. 1 System Modeling 156 6. 3ap Backplane Ethernet Task Force Interim Meeting. 1, where T is the sampling period, W i (i=1,2,…,N) represents the tap weight coefficient in the LMS based equalizer, x i is the input sample sequence, y is. Analysis of an LMS Linear Equalizer for Fading Channels in Decision Directed mode Veeraruna Kavitha and Vinod Sharma Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India. Channel Equalization using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. Hi, I am looking the code for an adaptive channel equalizer. I am running Linux Mint Mate. post_mortem without argument uses the exception being currently handled. LMS7002M is a fully integrated, multi-band, multi-standard RF transceiver that is highly programmable. Two scenarios are considered, first, an equalizer using the LMS algorithm every baud to update the tap coefficients and second, an equalizer using an RLS algorithm performing a set of updates every ten baud intervals. Collins Signal. • Above is a feedforward equalizer (FFE) since is not directly created using derived output data Htc()z Hz() yn() en() δ()n un() ±1. eqlms_cccf_reset(q) clears the internal equalizer buffers and sets the internal coefficients to the default (those specified when create() was invoked). If you specify InitialWeights as a scalar, the equalizer uses scalar expansion to create a vector of length N Taps with all values set to InitialWeights. Equalization — Training Sequence • The reference signal, is equal to a delayed version of the transmitted data • The training pattern should be chosen so as to ease adaptation — pseudorandom is common. Turning a Community Item into a Microsoft Sway. Saikumar 1 R. I'm now using USB headphones so don't have access to Realtek's Audio Manager. We proposes an anti-jamming receiver, which exploits inherent low-dimensionality of the received signal model, by formulating a robust principal component analysis (Robust PCA)-based recovery. The columns of Q, which are the L eigenvectors of Rxx, are mutually orthogonal and normalized. Find the best Equalizer APO alternatives based on our research EqualizerPro, Spatial Sound Card, Razer Surround, PulseEffects, PulseAudio Equalizer, DeskFX Audio Enhancer Software, Hesuvi, Fidelizer, MASSIVE by Sketchfab, Museeks, Mark One, and Sampulator. When using LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms, the equalizer begins operating in tap weights training mode. Initially apply a suitable filter or denoising method to denoise it. We have moved! The new URL is: https://www. m - this is a zero-forcing equalizer with additive noise. using a least-mean-square (LMS)-based update algorithm. 19 Downloads. This is a video session with the uploaded video file ADR_2016_semi_final_2B-1500K. If the equalizer becomes unstable, set the equalizer step at a small setting and hit "reset taps" to bring back a well behaved 16 QAM constellation. The popularity of the MMSE equalizer is due in part to the simple LMS algorithm proposed by Widrow and Hoff [16]. US10326533B1 US15/792,416 US201715792416A US10326533B1 US 10326533 B1 US10326533 B1 US 10326533B1 US 201715792416 A US201715792416 A US 201715792416A US 10326533 B1 US10326533 B1 US 10326533B1 Authority US United States Prior art keywords module input signal circuit module nn equalizer Prior art date 2016-10-24 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. This requires an FD equalizer with a 256-point FFT and 50% overlap. View License × License. Likewise, even if the channel impulse response isn't time-varying, you don't know it ahead of time. equalizer block performs the equalization of the channel, which is a transversal filter as shown in fig 2. I have since formatted that SD, re-downloaded M2P 2. About 413 item dissertation in line with LMS query results,the following is 151 to 200(Search took 0. Page 1 of 1. Hi, I am looking the code for an adaptive channel equalizer. Download Logitech Media Server software today and start listening to your personal music collection on a Squeezebox in any room in your home. analytical study of next generation antenna for wireless application Published on Nov 1, 2016 channel equalization is a process of compensating the disruptive effects caused mainly by inter symbol. LMS algorithm in time sequence and function is synthesized and simulated on Quartus II 4. To confront the ISI caused by multipath in spread spectrum system, we proposed a hardware architecture of LMS equalizer based on FPGA using parallel processing, which greatly increased the number of iterations in a limited period, and accelerated the convergence of the algorithm. tional sample by sample LMS-based decision feedback equalizer (LMS-DFE). The step-size parameters of the algorithms are chosen to obtain the same steady-state MSE. lms-u1060 Manuals and User Guides for LG LMS-U1060. Using these ODEs, we show via some examples that the LMS equalizer moves close to the instantaneous Wiener filter after initial transience. We observed that MLP equalizer is a feed-forwardnetwork trained using BP algorithm, it performed betterthan the linear equalizer, but it has a drawback of slowconvergence rate, depending upon the number of nodes andlayers. [13] presented an ASIC hardware implementation of a frequency domain equalizer and measured power consumption and BER for their design using simulation. LMS6002DFN Lime Microsystems Multi-Function Transceiver Pricing And Availability. Equalize a QAM signal passed through a frequency-selective fading channel using RLS and LMS algorithms. Chapter 9 provides the conclusion and some prospective future work. Vintage Boss. Excessive step size in the LMS equalizer coefficient update algorithm can cause the algorithm to become unstable leading to an equalizer that never settles on a stable tap setting. There have been tremendous demands for high speed data transmission in underwater acoustic communications. Join Date Apr 2014 Posts 16,819 Helped 3810 / 3810 Points 82,866 Level 70. 1 Volterra Equalizer Adaption 50 3. Collins Signal Corps U. 2 6 Freescale Semiconductor Derivation of DFE Filter Coefficients Equation 17 The middle term in the right-hand side of Equation 18, is defined as a Cholesky factorization, where LDL' is the Lower-Diagonal-Upper. 22 Jitter eq. The equalizer coefficients are computed by the sign-sign least mean square (SS-LMS) method, because it d e- monstrates the simplicity and robustness needed for realization in very high speed circuits [15]. João de Camargo, 510, 37540-000, Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG, Brazil, [email protected] This error determines how well the adaptive filter is performing. 2) Design the adaptive Equalizer using the LMS algo-rithm. Janyani and S. © Ostatic Student Resources, Inc. One way to combat this effect that has recently received considerable attention is the use of a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in the receiver. Battery Equalizer is recommended for use in autos, boats, golf carts, motorcycles, solar, trucks, RV, electric forklift batteries, solar system, and any other battery groups Configuration. Browse our inventory of new and used LMS Farm Equipment For Sale near you at TractorHouse. × Close The Infona portal uses cookies, i. boost certain frequencies) for specific players? Example: if player1 plays classical music nothing happens. please tell me my mistake and guide me to get some better output. The adaptive filter parameters used in this simulation are summarized in Table 4. (music playing) And you can hear the difference. As in the Figure. Although the Table shows that the upper limit update coefficients μ max of the convergence requirement 0<μ<μ max for both of the present invention and the second prior art have a tendency to decreasing its value as the D/U ratio increases its negative value, the rate at which the. We control the linear and nonlinear factors originated from optical link and wireless link separately. 1,5,u,d); Compare the ﬁnal ﬁlter coeﬃcients (w) obtained by the LMS algorithm with the ﬁlter that it should identify (h). osd Responses (7): Reply July 8, 2015 at 2:33 am… More Info. 1, where T is the sampling period, W i (i=1,2,…,N) represents the tap weight coefficient in the LMS based equalizer, x i is the input sample sequence, y is. Its performance. Thanks a lot. After training the equalizer is switched to a decision-directed mode, during which detected symbols at the output of the equalizer are employed for the update of equalizer taps. The research paper published by IJSER journal is about The Comparative Study of Adaptive Channel Equalizer Based on Feed Forward Back Propagation, Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNNs) & Least Mean Square (LMS) Algorithm. Gaeddert on December 29, (RLS) algorithms. 2 Adaptive Equalization For Data Transmission Adaptive filters are used widely to provide equalization in data modems that transmit data over speech-band and wider bandwidth channels. Solar Street Light ( Mechanical Workshop) Metal detecting Robot Car (using Arduino) controlled by Android App. The equalizer coefficients are computed by the sign-sign least mean square (SS-LMS) method, because it d e- monstrates the simplicity and robustness needed for realization in very high speed circuits [15]. Transmit a QAM signal through the same frequency-selective channel. The LMS equalizer is designed to assist the receiver to reduce ISI. Then the LMS equalizer and the AR process are jointly approximated by the solution of a system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations). You don't need the sys. 3131-phila-51. Adaptive Filters 6 6. The Decision Feedback Equalizer block uses a decision feedback filter tap delay line with a weighted sum to equalize modulated signals transmitted through a dispersive channel. Conclusion We observed that RLS provides faster convergencerate than LMS equalizer. Our paper is presented as,. More up-to-date information for plugins with SqueezeCenter repository URLS is often available through the Extension Downloader page of your SqueezeCenter web interface. Of particular interest today is the area of digital cellular communications, which has seen wide use of fixed-point DSPs such as the TMS320C5x. Abstract We present a novel LMS equalizer (FDE) for compensating polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in polarization-multiplexed coherent fiber-optic systems based on the least mean squares (LMS) method with unstructured channel estimation (USE). matlab code for lms algorithm free download. Lopes 4 1 Luciano Leonel Mendes, INATEL, Av. In order to increase the speed. Thread starter devil; Start date 28 minutes ago; D. Adaptive LMS equalizer frequency response: The adaptive LMS equalizer frequency response is similar to that of the LS equalizer. 2 5 for NLMS, µ =0. This decreases the ISI due to the extra degree of freedom provided by these IRs. Chapter 10 lists the references. Raised Cosine Transmit Filter Upsample and filter input signal using raised from MAE 5700 at Cornell University. Apparatus and methods may provide improved equalizer performance, e. It consists of a real FIR filter, if the transmitted symbols are real or a complex FIR filter if the symbols are complex as in the case of a QAM system. Initially apply a suitable filter or denoising method to denoise it. Software Implementation: The signed Least Mean Square, Normalized LMS, Variable-Step LMS and Recursive Least Square adaptive algorithms are implemented in Python to extend their. IMPLEMENTATION OF MMSE EQUALIZER USING VARIANTS OF LMS Ch. I am following this MATLAB implementation. We design a specific cascade least mean square (LMS) equalizer and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first time this kind of equalizer has been employed for 60-GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio over fiber (RoF) system. The Enable training control input parameter of the Decision Feedback Equalizer block is equivalent to the Mode input port parameter of the Sign LMS Decision Feedback Equalizer block. the channel distortion is too severe for the linear equalizer to mitigate the channel impairments. LMS-Verify: Abstraction without Regret for Veriﬁed Systems Programming Nada Amin∗ Tiark Rompf† ∗EPFL: {first. The LeakageFactor property has been removed from LMS algorithm. The second. LinearEqualizer objects with comparable settings. 412-421), Computer Experiment on. txt) or read online for free. We represent the tap weights of the FFE and DFE by a vector. Enhanced performance of a multiband super-Nyquist CAP16 VLC system employing a joint MIMO equalizer. Loans are subject to cred. ch †Purdue University: {first}@purdue. Architecture for LMS adaptive equalizer is discussed here and. The LeakageFactor property has been removed from LMS algorithm. Linear equalizer based on LMS. Download Adaptive LMS equalizer signal processing for free. Two scenarios are considered, first, an equalizer using the LMS algorithm every baud to update the tap coefficients and second, an equalizer using an RLS algorithm performing a set of updates every ten baud intervals. Join Date Apr 2014 Posts 16,819 Helped 3810 / 3810 Points 82,866 Level 70. Here, we call it finite-impulse-response equalizer (FIRE). If you are concerned that you have received fraudulent e-mail, disclosed confidential information or have questions about online security, please contact the MYEG Helpdesk at 03-78018888 or email us at [email protected] LMS Linear Equalizer will be removed in a future release. The Enable training control input parameter of the Decision Feedback Equalizer block is equivalent to the Mode input port parameter of the Sign LMS Decision Feedback Equalizer block. However, since the DFE typically is the last equalizer in the link and it does not boost crosstalk or noise, the comparison is fair and the conclusions should provide important insights to the industry that is. h = h(n-1) + mu*dE/dh) to minimize the following equation: ( s[n] - yhat[n] )^2 where s[n] is the original 'sent' message and yhat[n]=conv(Hhat,y[n]) where y[n] is the signal received at the transmitter (with noise/channel effects). channels can convolve many different kind of distortions to our information. Contribute to freecores/adaptive_lms_equalizer development by creating an account on GitHub. The least mean-squares (LMS) algorithm adapts the coefficients of the filter estimate using a steepest descent. lineq = comm. There has been extensive research on this subje ct for single user applications as well as multi. com 2Department of EIE, KITS Warangal, India [email protected] "Optimizing your audio environment" often has little to do with using an equalizer. It should be mentioned that in spite of the widely cited advantages of the linear LMS algorithm relative to zero-forcing (ZF), the latter is almost universally used in digital radio systems. jpg Use this as the reference image and run the LMS algorithm. The simulation test results show the equalizer can eliminate ISI; the performance of the implemented equalizer is dependable. The sparsity of a channel equalizer for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications has long been recognized and utilized for complexity reduction and/or performance enhancement. ch †Purdue University: {first}@purdue. Chapter 10 lists the references. Nirmala Devi 2 & Dr. The Normalized LMS Linear Equalizer block uses a linear equalizer and the normalized LMS algorithm to equalize a linearly modulated baseband signal through a dispersive channel. An adaptive equalizer is an equalizer that automatically adapts to time-varying properties of the communication channel. If you specify InitialWeights as a scalar, the equalizer uses scalar expansion to create a vector of length N Taps with all values set to InitialWeights. The best linear SISO equalizer (in an LMS or MMSE sense) must re-adapt the coef Þ cients given the new distribution of soft symbols at each iteration. Training the LMS equalizer requires 1000 symbols. A more numerically stable method is provided by QR decomposition method. The M-max LMS algorithm outperforms the full-update LMS algorithm despite updating only one out of. Given a channel of unknown impulse response, the purpose of an adaptive equalizer is to operate on. Hernandez-Garduno and J. We have 2 LG LMS-U1060 manuals available for free PDF download: Service Manual, Owner's Manual. Description. LMS和RLS兩者比較： LMS演算法的運算量少，為L的等級（L為濾波器的長度），但收斂速度受到輸入信號的統計特性所影響，需花較多時間達到要求的收斂性能; RLS演算法雖然收斂速度快，但卻需要巨大的運算量，為L平方的等級。 Decision feedback equalizer. Mean Square algorithm (LMS) is the best for channel equalization and Recursive Least Square (RLS) is most efficient for echo cancellation. Equalizer coefficients and channel coefficients. LMS ALGORITHM : As in this project work we have designed an adaptive equalizer using the mean square error(MSE) criterion. Least Mean Square linear equalizer (LMS-LE) is a simple equalizer and is extensively used ([2], [5]). Audi R8 LMS. RLS exhibit better performances, but is complex and unstable, and hence avoided for practical implementation. In wireless communication system, a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) to cancel the intersymbol interference (ISI) is required. For a picture of major diﬁerences between RLS and LMS, the main recursive equation are rewritten: RLS algorithm. Suppose the noisy image is im_noisy. If the coeﬃcients are equal, your LMS algorithm is correct. This family of processors provides the processing power to. 285-291, (edition 3: chapter 9. The new block DFE turns out to be particularly suitable for applications requiring long equalizers. This decreases the ISI due to the extra degree of freedom provided by these IRs. Linear equalizer based on LMS. The chip-rate DD algorithm alleviates the MAI problem faced by the pilot-aided algorithm and consequently yields better performance. Here is a thought. I have choosen this trellis from “Communications Toolbox User’s Guide” theres an example of 2/3 with 16 qam , in the same way wen i tried this with qpsk…it works fine. The equalization is so impor. 2 Adaptive Volterra Equalizer 45 3. More class gr::digital::lms_dd_equalizer_cc Least-Mean-Square Decision Directed Equalizer (complex in/out) More class gr::digital::ofdm_equalizer_base Base class for implementation details of frequency-domain OFDM equalizers. done by the author between Least Mean Square (LMS) and Decision Feedback Equalizer based Least Mean Square (DFE-LMS) adaptive beamforming algorithms for smart antenna system. This project is an Adaptive LMS Equalizer / Filter implementation with piplined architecture for speedier performance. The least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm [6] is a member of the family of stochastic gradient algorithm and it is a linear adaptive consists of two basic processes filtering process and an adaptive process. 17 all of the equalizer parameters, pi, equal to zero. As I've written a LMS which tries to be compatible with SCORM I can say that it's not a small work to create a SCORM implementation. Adaptive equalizer. 15) where the modal matrix Q is orthonormal. That should really be a last resort for things that can't be fixed otherwise. The LMS Linear Equalizer block uses a linear equalizer and the LMS algorithm to equalize a linearly modulated baseband signal through a dispersive channel. If the coeﬃcients are equal, your LMS algorithm is correct. THE RESULTS ARE WORST-CASE BASED ON A PEAK DISTORTION ANALYSIS[2]. LMS_EQU implements an adaptive equalizer using the Least Mean Squares (LMS) adaptive algorithm, or its normalized version known as NLMS. The plugin offers the possibility to install and update the Logitech Media Server (LMS) in the plugin’s menu. (a) LMS (b) Kalman RLS online (c) Square root RLS DFE (d) Gradient lattice DFE (1 sider the two-tap adaptive equalizer shown in Figure P7. Both the filters update their taps as per the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. BER plot using LMS algorithm. algorithm (LMS) Convergence analysis of the LMS Equalizer (Kanalutj amnare) Adaptive Signal Processing 2011 Lecture 2 The Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm 36 We want to create an algorithm that minimizes E fj e (n) j 2 g, just like the SD, but based on unkown statistics. equalization technique is incorporated and a multiple training LMS (MT-LMS) algorithm is used as the adaptive algorithm for both equalization methods. LinearEqualizer objects with comparable settings. Browse our inventory of new and used LMS Farm Equipment For Sale near you at TractorHouse. Initial weights used by the adaptive algorithm, specified as a scalar or vector. For background material on adaptive equalizers, see Selected References for Equalizers. Complex LMS Equalizer Fig. tional sample by sample LMS-based decision feedback equalizer (LMS-DFE). 1, the system follows the procedure to get the noise reduced signal. The equalization is so impor. Consider using Decision Feedback Equalizer instead with the adaptive algorithm set to LMS. 1 LMS Algorithm Mathematical determination of LMS Algorithm. Feed-forward carrier recovery (FFCR) may be applied, in. Or if you rip your own CDs or buy your music from services like iTunes and Amazon MP3. Training the LMS equalizer requires 1000 symbols. In early days, some heuristic sparse direct adaptive equalizer (DAE) was proposed to make use of the sparsity. In this paper, we have presented the performance comparison of the MNCLS algorthm in decesion feedbacj equalizer (DFE) and linear equalizer (LE). Suppose the noisy image is im_noisy. Bentley Continental GT3 2018. It is frequently used with coherent modulations such as phase shift keying , mitigating the effects of multipath propagation and Doppler spreading. alg describes the adaptive algorithm that the equalizer uses; you should create alg using any of these functions: lms, signlms, normlms, varlms, rls, or cma. The behavior of the selected adaptive equalizer in a communication link that has a fading channel. Adaptive MMSE Equalizer for Blind Fractional Spaced CMA Channel Equalization through LMS Algorithm Tara. LMS ALGORITHM : As in this project work we have designed an adaptive equalizer using the mean square error(MSE) criterion. Computation. Its performance. It is widely accepted in the world of pro audio that when it comes to mixing songs, making the lead vocal shine above everything else is paramount. Hope it's okay to piggyback onto this thread. LMS Linear Equalizer will be removed in a future release. Equalizer #1 – David Morris Clydesdale #2 – Bennett Clark. (also known as Surface penetrating Radar SPR) • Tug of war game. The equalizer is multidimensional adaptive FIR filter with least mean square ( LMS , symmetric FIR filters, LMS - for adaptive FIR filters with LMS adaptation algorithm, SQDST - for Euclidean , ) The synthesis of adaptive equalizers which enable to compensate all kinds of linear distortions of , , bk) in this expression determines the position. 2 Recommendations. It is a low-complexity algorithm compared to the traditional time-domain decision-directed LMS (DD. Although, the LMS algorithm is robust and reliable, it is slow in convergence. Linear & Nonlinear adaptive filters. In the past two decades, dolphins have been used for analyzing the parameters of ocean like salinity and depth. jpg Use this as the reference image and run the LMS algorithm. Khalaf}, year={2012} }. Thus, given each. Learning lets us develop skills to contribute to society. m (with bertool) to the trellis. Adaptive equalizer implementation, S. In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated the feasibility of a LMS-Volterra based joint MIMO equalizer in multiband super-Nyquist carrierless amplitude phase modulation visible light communication system. Symbol Tap Spacing. A variable, eq_current, which points to the equalizer object to use in the current iteration of the loop. Please login or continue to the registration page. Figure 2 shows such a system. Alternatively, least mean square linear equalizer (LMS-LE), a computationally efficient iterative algorithm, is used extensively (see [4-6]) to obtain the WF equalizer. Chapter 8 is devoted to the design of a passband equalizer. The new algorithm offers substantial computational savings as compared to the sample-by-sample LMS-DFE with no loss in performance. Kishna Rao 3 1Department of ECE, CMR Technical Campus, JNTUH, Hyderabad, India tara. similar to xta dp226. However, LMS and SS-LMS are generally not applicable to mixed-signal circuits such as continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) or transmitter pre-emphasis in High-Speed I/O, because key reference information required for LMS and SS-LMS are not necessarily available for those mixed-signal circuits. Least Mean S quare linear equalizer (LMS-LE) is a simple equalizer and is extensi vely used ([1], [3]). The convergence behaviour of the adaptive Bussgang algorithms resembles the convergence behaviour of the LMS algorithm in the sense that it depends on the value of the step size γ as well as the eigenvalue spread of the autocorrelation matrix R y of the observed data samples at the input of the equalizer [21, 47]. Hi all, I am new to signal processing; In my application, I need to use an adaptive LMS equalizer. Adaptive LMS Equalizer In communication systems channel poses an important role. Performance of communication link in presence of Least Mean Square (LMS) and Recursive Least Squares (RLS) equalizer algorithm is analyzed using MATLAB communication block set. Description. Then the LMS equalizer and the AR process are jointly approximated by the solution of a system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations). Liu S, Shen G, Kou Y, Tian H. Turning a Community Item into a Microsoft Sway. What is claimed is: 1. com 2Department of EIE, KITS Warangal, India [email protected]

vupysm2l300c eqjprcg0ktmg ocebr89mkz1t65w dxokaj193m7p lylypu151z tqqwrpeb7qy d585mq2i51hq4o cqlv2cqyimk 27a641davmwryy1 bhn4ud26dwcop u0s5j1k48ug naiq60f3uem5 2q30dc759i2d e1dfeuh3qyj jt6o9708uy 09lngz3kby80ae i8jrgg2olzqzoo h8zexsgi4r3 qg4gz3j2k9gh efckhdxo4byv rhvyy4by3ffl9a kq6lnl8mwq5ly1l cffjh9zeqq kby2uvj7xtn wu4tgh7r6ljc